Academic Free License (AFL), Version 1.0

Academic Free License
Version 1.0

This Academic Free License applies to any software and associated documentation (the "Software") whose owner (the "Licensor") has placed the statement "Licensed under the Academic Free License Version 1.0" immediately after the copyright notice that applies to the Software.

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of the Software (1) to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, perform, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, and (2) under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Software as furnished by the Licensor, to make, use, sell and offer for sale the Software and derivative works thereof, subject to the following conditions:

• Redistributions of the Software in source code form must retain all copyright notices in the Software as furnished by the Licensor, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimers.
• Redistributions of the Software in executable form must reproduce all copyright notices in the Software as furnished by the Licensor, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimers in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
• Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Software, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Software without express prior written permission of the Licensor.

DISCLAIMERS: LICENSOR WARRANTS THAT THE COPYRIGHT IN AND TO THE SOFTWARE IS OWNED BY THE LICENSOR OR THAT THE SOFTWARE IS DISTRIBUTED BY LICENSOR UNDER A VALID CURRENT LICENSE. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY STATED IN THE IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING SENTENCE, THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE LICENSOR, CONTRIBUTORS AND COPYRIGHT OWNERS "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE LICENSOR, CONTRIBUTORS OR COPYRIGHT OWNERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE.

This license is Copyright (C) 2002 Lawrence E. Rosen. All rights reserved. Permission is hereby granted to copy and distribute this license without modification. This license may not be modified without the express written permission of its copyright owner.

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END OF LICENSE. The following is intended to describe the essential differences between the Academic Free License (AFL) version 1.0 and other open source licenses:

The Academic Free License is similar to the BSD, MIT, UoI/NCSA and Apache licenses in many respects but it is intended to solve a few problems with those licenses.

• The AFL is written so as to make it clear what software is being licensed (by the inclusion of a statement following the copyright notice in the software). This way, the license functions better than a template license. The BSD, MIT and UoI/NCSA licenses apply to unidentified software.
• The AFL contains a complete copyright grant to the software. The BSD and Apache licenses are vague and incomplete in that respect.
• The AFL contains a complete patent grant to the software. The BSD, MIT, UoI/NCSA and Apache licenses rely on an implied patent license and contain no explicit patent grant.
• The AFL makes it clear that no trademark rights are granted to the licensor's trademarks. The Apache license contains such a provision, but the BSD, MIT and UoI/NCSA licenses do not.
• The AFL includes the warranty by the licensor that it either owns the copyright or that it is distributing the software under a license. None of the other licenses contain that warranty. All other warranties are disclaimed, as is the case for the other licenses.
• The AFL is itself copyrighted (with the right granted to copy and distribute without modification). This ensures that the owner of the copyright to the license will control changes. The Apache license contains a copyright notice, but the BSD, MIT and UoI/NCSA licenses do not.